COVID-19: Some Pathophysiological and Endocrine Aspects

Summary The pandemic caused by COVID-19 infection almost two years ago is associated with many unknown multi-organ damages, including the endocrine system. Based on fact that gland tissues express ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, it has been suggested they may be directly attacked virus cause toxic effects them or indirectly an autoimmune mechanism. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones are crucial for course progression of disease modulate magnitude immune response adaptation to stress. aim present review summarize state art in problems its clinical pathophysiological part answer question what extent patients have a higher risk adverse outcomes.